“HB 515” is a bill number, not a single law, and state legislatures reuse it every session. If you searched for HB 515, the bill you’re looking for depends on the state and year. The most prominent recent examples are Florida’s 2025 update to the Uniform Commercial Code for digital assets, North Carolina’s Economic Abuse Prevention Act, Virginia’s 2026 credit card ban for online sports betting, two different Louisiana laws (a 2024 vehicle choice measure and a 2026 adjudicated property law), and Ohio’s 2022 business income tax clarification. Each is summarized below.
Florida HB 515 (2025): Digital Assets Under the UCC
Florida’s CS/CS/HB 515 modernizes the state’s Uniform Commercial Code to cover cryptocurrencies, blockchain-based tokens, and other digital assets. The governor signed it on May 23, 2025, and it took effect July 1, 2025, as Chapter 2025-92. The House passed it 115 to 0.1Florida Senate. CS/CS/HB 515 – Uniform Commercial Code
The law creates Chapter 669 of the Florida Statutes and adopts Article 12 of the model UCC, which introduces a new category called “controllable electronic records” (CERs). A CER is a record stored electronically that a person can “control,” meaning the practical power to enjoy its benefits, the exclusive power to prevent others from doing so, and the exclusive power to transfer it. Deposit accounts, electronic money, investment property, and central bank digital currency are excluded because they are governed elsewhere in the UCC.2Florida Senate. CS/CS/HB 515 Bill Analysis
Two related terms round out the framework. A “controllable account” is an account tied to a CER where the debtor agrees to pay whoever controls the record. A “controllable payment intangible” applies the same idea to payment obligations.2Florida Senate. CS/CS/HB 515 Bill Analysis
For lenders, the law provides two ways to perfect a security interest in a digital asset: filing a financing statement under Article 9, or taking control of the CER. Control beats filing. A lender who has control has priority over one who only filed, regardless of who filed first. Filing a financing statement alone does not put anyone on notice of a claim in a CER.3Chambers and Partners. Blockchain and Crypto Assets 2026 – USA Florida
The law also creates a “qualifying purchaser” rule: someone who acquires control of a CER in good faith, for value, and without notice of competing claims takes the asset free of those claims. No such “take free” protection previously existed for digital assets.2Florida Senate. CS/CS/HB 515 Bill Analysis
Rights that existed before July 1, 2025, are preserved for one year under sections 669.701 through 669.706. Parties with security interests perfected under the prior rules keep their priority during that window, after which the new control-based priority rules apply in full.3Chambers and Partners. Blockchain and Crypto Assets 2026 – USA Florida Florida is one of 33 states that had enacted the 2022 UCC amendments by the end of 2025.4Wolters Kluwer. Uniform Commercial Code Amended to Address Emerging Technologies
North Carolina HB 515 (2025): Economic Abuse Prevention Act
North Carolina’s HB 515 targets coerced debt, a form of economic abuse in domestic violence situations. Representatives Carney, T. Brown, Howard, and Setzer filed it on March 25, 2025, with more than 30 co-sponsors. The House passed it 111 to 1 on second reading, and it was referred to the Senate Rules and Operations Committee on May 7, 2025. As of mid-2026, it had not advanced beyond that committee.5North Carolina General Assembly. House Bill 515
The bill would add a new Chapter 1H to the North Carolina General Statutes. “Coerced debt” would mean personal, family, or household debt incurred in a victim’s name through duress, intimidation, threats, or undue influence, including debt imposed on current or former foster children.6UNC School of Government. H 515 – 2025-2026
Protection would work on two tracks. If a debtor gives a collector adequate documentation (such as a police report, identity theft report, or protective order), the collector must pause collection and review the debt. A collector that already reported the debt to credit bureaus must notify them within 10 days that the account is disputed, and must issue a written determination within 30 days.6UNC School of Government. H 515 – 2025-2026
Debtors could also go to court. Using a preponderance-of-the-evidence standard, a debtor could seek a declaratory judgment that they are not responsible for the debt, an injunction against collection, and dismissal of enforcement actions. A court could enter judgment against the person who coerced the debt for the full amount plus attorneys’ fees. The statute of limitations against the coercer would run five years from the court’s determination that the debt was coerced.7North Carolina General Assembly. House Bill DRH30194
The bill would not order refunds for amounts already paid on a coerced debt. It would penalize knowingly false motions and direct courts to protect victims through steps such as sealing records and allowing remote hearings. The protections would apply to debts incurred on or after July 1, 2025, though cross-claims would be allowed for older debts where no final judgment had been entered.7North Carolina General Assembly. House Bill DRH30194
Virginia HB 515 (2026): Credit Cards Banned for Online Sports Betting
Virginia’s HB 515 bars the Virginia Lottery from allowing sportsbooks to accept credit card deposits for online sports betting accounts. Delegate Marty Martinez introduced it on January 13, 2026. It amends sections 58.1-4031 and 58.1-4034 of the Virginia Code.8Virginia Legislative Information System. HB 515 Bill Text
The House passed it 94 to 3 on January 28, 2026, and the Senate passed an amended version 40 to 0 on March 4. The House agreed to the amendments on March 6.9Public Gaming International. Virginia House Approves Credit Card Ban for Online Sports Betting The governor signed the bill on April 13, 2026, as Chapter 926, effective July 1, 2026. A fiscal analysis found no expected impact on state operations, though it noted the law may reduce sportsbook revenue by removing a funding method that lets bettors wager on credit.10Virginia Legislative Information System. HB 515 Bill Details
Louisiana HB 515: Two Different Laws in Two Sessions
2024 Session: Vehicle Choice (Act 251)
Representative Dodie Horton’s 2024 HB 515 prohibits state agencies from limiting the use or sale of new motor vehicles with internal combustion engines. Governor Jeff Landry signed it as Act 251, effective August 1, 2024.11Louisiana State Legislature. HB 515 – 2024 Regular Session
Beyond protecting combustion engines, the law bars state agencies from issuing restrictions based on the energy source used by any motor vehicle and establishes a “freedom of choice for private individuals in the selection of vehicles.” It does not override Louisiana’s existing prohibition on direct-from-manufacturer vehicle sales, which continues to affect companies like Tesla and Rivian.12Louisiana Illuminator. Louisiana Lawmakers Pass Bill to Protect Freedom to Buy Gas Vehicles
2026 Session: Adjudicated Property (Act 401)
In 2026, Louisiana used the HB 515 number again for an unrelated bill by Representative C. Denise Marcelle. It authorizes political subdivisions to sell certain adjudicated property directly to a buyer. It passed the House 85 to 0 and the Senate 36 to 0, becoming Act 401 without the governor’s signature, effective August 1, 2026.13Louisiana State Legislature. HB 515 – 2026 Regular Session
Ohio HB 515 (2022): Business Income Tax Treatment
Ohio’s HB 515, sponsored by Representatives James Hoops and Craig Riedel, clarifies how the state taxes gains from selling an ownership interest in a business. Governor Mike DeWine signed it on June 24, 2022, and it took effect on September 23, 2022.14Ohio House of Representatives. HB 515 – 134th General Assembly
The question the law resolves: when someone sells a stake in a partnership, LLC, or closely held corporation, is the gain “business income” (favorable tax treatment) or “nonbusiness income” (ordinary rates)? HB 515 codifies that the gain counts as business income in two situations: when the transaction is treated as an asset sale for federal tax purposes under Internal Revenue Code sections 338(h)(10) or 336(e), or when the seller materially participated in the business during the year of sale or any of the five preceding tax years.15Ernst and Young. Ohio Clarifies Tax Treatment of Certain Sales of Ownership Interests in Businesses
The stakes are meaningful. Under Ohio’s Business Income Deduction, joint filers can deduct the first $250,000 of qualifying business income and single filers the first $125,000; amounts above those thresholds are taxed at a flat 3%. For nonresidents who own 20% or more of a pass-through entity, the gain is apportioned to Ohio based on the business’s in-state activity over the prior three years. The legislature designated the amendments as remedial, so they apply retroactively to pending audits, refund claims, and appeals.15Ernst and Young. Ohio Clarifies Tax Treatment of Certain Sales of Ownership Interests in Businesses
Florida HB 515 (2026): Doula Pilot Program (Died in Committee)
Not every HB 515 becomes law. A separate 2026 Florida bill with the same number, introduced by Representative Campbell with co-introducer Robinson, would have created a “Doula Support for Healthy Births Pilot Program” in Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach Counties, focused on pregnant and postpartum women overcoming substance use disorders. It also would have created a nine-member Doula Certification Task Force to recommend training and credentialing standards, with a final report due by January 1, 2028.16Florida House of Representatives. HB 515 – Doula Support for Healthy Births Pilot Program
The bill died in the Health Professions and Programs Subcommittee on March 13, 2026. Its Senate companion, SB 514, died the same day in the Appropriations Committee on Health and Human Services.17Florida Senate. HB 515 – 2026 Session
If none of these matches what you’re looking for, check the state and legislative session that appeared with the number. Because “HB 515” resets every session and exists in parallel across states, the same label routinely covers unrelated laws.