If you have just been involved in a collision, stop immediately, check for injuries and call 911 if anyone is hurt, exchange information with the other driver, report the crash to police, document the scene with photos, and notify your insurer as soon as you are safely able to. Those steps are what the law requires and what protects your claim. The rest of this guide walks through each one, plus the deadlines that start running from the moment of impact.
Stop and Secure the Scene
Every state requires you to stop your vehicle immediately after a collision involving another car, a person, or someone’s property. This applies even when the damage looks minor. Leaving turns a routine fender-bender into a hit-and-run charge, which is typically a misdemeanor when only property is damaged and a felony when someone is injured or killed. Felony hit-and-run convictions carry prison time that varies by state but frequently reaches several years, along with thousands of dollars in fines and a suspended or revoked license.
Once you have stopped, check whether your car can be safely moved out of the travel lanes. If it rolls under its own power without creating a new hazard, pull it to the shoulder or a nearby parking lot. Secondary collisions caused by vehicles blocking the road often produce worse injuries than the original crash. If your car cannot be moved, turn on your hazard lights, and if you keep reflective warning triangles in your trunk, place them behind the vehicle to warn approaching traffic.
One scenario catches people off guard: hitting a parked car or piece of property when nobody is around. You still have to stop. Make a reasonable effort to find the owner, and if you cannot, leave a written note in a visible spot with your name, phone number, and insurance details, then report the incident to the nearest police department. Driving away because nobody saw it is still a hit-and-run.
Check for Injuries and Call 911
Before worrying about car damage or paperwork, look around for anyone who might be hurt. Check yourself, your passengers, and the occupants of any other vehicle. If anyone is injured or even complaining of pain, call 911 right away. Most state laws require you to give reasonable assistance to injured people, which includes calling for emergency medical help or arranging transportation to a hospital when necessary.
Do not try to move someone who appears seriously injured unless there is an immediate danger like fire or oncoming traffic. Moving a person with a spinal injury can make things dramatically worse. Keep the injured person as calm and still as possible until paramedics arrive, and stay at the scene until emergency responders release you.
Exchange Information With the Other Driver
Once the scene is safe and anyone injured is getting help, swap the following with every other driver involved:
- Full name and address as shown on their driver’s license.
- Driver’s license number. Take a photo of the license if they will allow it.
- Insurance company and policy number. Most drivers keep a card in the glove box or have a mobile app from their carrier.
- Vehicle registration details, which tie the car to its legal owner and include the vehicle identification number.
- A phone number for follow-up.
When the driver is not the vehicle’s owner, get the owner’s contact information too. Your insurer may need to file a claim against the owner’s policy rather than the driver’s. Glance at the expiration dates on the insurance card and registration to confirm everything is current. If something is expired, note it and mention it to the responding officer.
Refusing to share this information at the scene can result in a citation. Fines for failing to provide proof of insurance vary widely by state, and they can trigger additional penalties like license suspension or vehicle impoundment.
Be Careful What You Say
Adrenaline and guilt make people say things at a crash scene that come back to haunt them. “I’m sorry” or “I didn’t see you” sound harmless in the moment, but insurers and attorneys treat them as admissions of fault. Once those words land in a police report, walking them back is extremely difficult.
Stick to factual observations when talking with the other driver and with responding officers. Describe what happened without speculating about why. “I was heading north on Main Street and the collision occurred at the intersection” is fine. “I should have been paying closer attention” is not. You are not required to theorize about fault, and the officer’s report is not the final word on liability anyway. Insurance companies conduct their own investigations, and only a court can make a binding determination.
This is not an excuse to be uncooperative. Answer the officer’s questions honestly and provide all requested documents. The line is between stating facts and volunteering conclusions about blame.
Document the Scene
Your phone is the most valuable tool you have after a crash. Start taking photos and video before anything gets moved or cleaned up:
- Wide shots of the full intersection or stretch of road, including traffic signals, signs, lane markings, and road conditions.
- Close-ups of every dent, scratch, and broken piece on all vehicles involved, from multiple angles.
- Skid marks and debris, which tell the story of speed and direction of impact.
- A quick video pan showing weather and lighting conditions.
- License plates on every involved vehicle.
If anyone witnessed the crash, ask for their name and phone number. Witness accounts carry real weight with insurance adjusters and in court, particularly when the two drivers tell conflicting stories. People scatter quickly after a crash, so grab their contact information before they leave.
Dash cam footage, if you have it, is powerful evidence. Save the file immediately so the camera does not overwrite it on its next loop. The footage needs to be unedited and paired with a functioning timestamp to hold up in a claim or court proceeding. Sharing it with the responding officer strengthens the official report and helps establish a chain of custody for the recording.
Modern vehicles also contain Event Data Recorders that capture speed, braking, and steering inputs in the seconds before a crash. You generally own the data in your car’s recorder, but extracting it requires specialized equipment. If the crash involves serious injuries or a liability dispute, ask your insurer or attorney about downloading that data before the vehicle is repaired or scrapped.
Report the Crash to Police and the DMV
Call local police to the scene whenever there are injuries, significant vehicle damage, or any dispute about what happened. An officer’s report creates a formal record of the crash that insurers rely on heavily. Even for minor incidents, having an official report on file protects you if the other driver later changes their story or claims injuries they never mentioned at the scene.
Beyond the police report, most states require you to file a separate written report with the Department of Motor Vehicles when a collision involves injury, death, or property damage above a set dollar threshold. That threshold is commonly around $1,000, though it varies. Filing deadlines also differ but are often around 10 days. Missing this deadline can result in an administrative suspension of your license regardless of who caused the crash. Check your state’s DMV website for the exact threshold, deadline, and filing method, which in many states is now an online form.
If police do not respond to the scene, you are not off the hook. Visit the nearest station or file through your state’s online portal. Many jurisdictions let you file reports electronically, and doing so creates the same official record a responding officer would have generated.
Notify Your Insurance Company
Contact your insurance carrier as soon as you are safely away from the scene. Most policies require “prompt” notification of any collision. The exact deadline depends on your contract, but reporting within 24 to 48 hours is the safest approach. Waiting weeks gives the insurer grounds to question your claim or deny it outright for late reporting.
When you call, have the police report number, your photos, the other driver’s information, and a basic timeline of events ready. Provide facts, not opinions about fault. If the other driver’s insurer contacts you directly, you are not obligated to give a recorded statement before speaking with your own adjuster or an attorney.
Drivers in no-fault insurance states face additional deadlines for filing Personal Injury Protection claims. Roughly a dozen states use some form of no-fault system, and the windows for submitting medical bills and lost-wage documentation to your own carrier can be significantly shorter than the general claims process. Check your policy or call your agent to confirm what applies.
See a Doctor Even If You Feel Fine
Adrenaline masks pain. Injuries that feel like nothing at the scene can reveal themselves hours or days later. Whiplash and other soft-tissue injuries commonly take 24 to 72 hours to produce noticeable stiffness or headaches. Concussions may start as mild dizziness and escalate into memory problems or light sensitivity over the following days. Internal bleeding from blunt-force impact can take even longer to show warning signs.
See a doctor within a day or two of the crash, even if you feel perfectly fine walking away. The medical record serves two purposes: it catches problems early when treatment is simplest, and it creates a documented link between the collision and any injuries. If you wait weeks to see a doctor and then file an injury claim, the insurer will argue your symptoms came from something else. That gap in medical records is where claims go to die.
Keep copies of every medical bill, treatment note, and prescription related to the crash. If you miss work because of your injuries, save pay stubs or employer documentation showing the lost income. These records form the backbone of any injury claim, whether it settles with the insurer or goes to court.
If the Other Driver Is Uninsured
Roughly 14 percent of drivers on the road carry no insurance, so the odds of being hit by one are not trivial. When the other driver has no coverage, your own policy becomes your primary safety net. Two optional coverages matter most here: uninsured motorist bodily injury, which covers medical treatment for you and your passengers when the at-fault driver has no insurance, and uninsured motorist property damage, which covers repair or replacement costs for your vehicle.
Collision coverage also pays for vehicle repairs regardless of who was at fault, minus your deductible. Medical payments coverage works the same way for medical bills. If you carry these, file the claim through your own insurer and let them pursue the uninsured driver for reimbursement.
Do not accept a handshake deal or cash payment from an uninsured driver at the scene. What looks like enough money to cover the visible dent rarely accounts for hidden mechanical damage or medical bills that surface later. File the police report, document everything, and let the formal claims process handle it. You can also sue the uninsured driver directly, though collecting a judgment from someone who could not afford insurance in the first place is often an uphill battle.
Deadlines That Start Running Right Away
The days and weeks after a collision come with a cascade of deadlines that are easy to miss when you are dealing with car repairs and doctor visits. The ones to track:
- DMV accident report: typically due within 10 days, depending on your state.
- Insurance notification: as soon as possible, ideally within 24 to 48 hours.
- Medical evaluation: within a day or two of the crash to establish a documented connection between the collision and any injuries.
- Statute of limitations for a lawsuit: if negotiations fail and you need to sue, most states give you two to three years for personal injury claims and three to six years for property damage, with the clock starting on the date of the crash.
Missing any of these can cost you your license, your insurance payout, or your right to sue. Write them down, set phone reminders, and confirm the exact deadlines for your state. When in doubt, act sooner rather than later.
Replace Any Child Car Seat Involved in the Crash
If a child car seat was installed in the vehicle during the collision, it may need to be replaced before you use it again. Federal safety guidance recommends replacing any car seat involved in a moderate or severe crash. A crash qualifies as minor, and the seat can still be used, only when every one of these conditions is true: the vehicle could be driven away, the nearest door was undamaged, no one was injured, no airbags deployed, and the seat shows no visible damage.1NHTSA. Car Seat Use After a Crash If any of those conditions is not met, replace the seat. Many insurance policies cover the cost of a replacement seat as part of the collision claim, so keep the old seat and your receipt.