If you’re figuring out who to talk to about starting an LLC, the two people to call first are a business attorney and a tax professional. Between them, they cover the decisions that are hardest to undo: how your LLC is structured internally, and how it will be taxed. After those two, you’ll likely deal with your state’s business filing office, a banker, possibly an insurance agent, and — depending on your industry and whether you have co-founders — a mentor, a licensing specialist, or your future partners. The right mix depends on how complex your business is and how much of the setup you want to handle yourself.
A Business Attorney
An attorney who works with small businesses earns their fee most clearly in one document: the operating agreement. This is the internal rulebook for your LLC. It spells out each member’s ownership percentage, voting rights, profit-and-loss splits, buyout procedures, and what happens if someone dies or wants to leave.1U.S. Small Business Administration. Basic Information About Operating Agreements Most states don’t require one, but operating without an agreement in a multi-member LLC is essentially gambling that you and your partners will never disagree about money. When disputes arise and no agreement exists, the fallback is often litigation or dissolution under your state’s default LLC statute.
An attorney will also review your Articles of Organization before you file them. This is the public document that officially creates your LLC with the state, and it includes your company’s name, address, and the names of founding members.2Cornell Law School. Articles of Organization Mistakes here can delay your formation or cause headaches later when you try to open a bank account or sign contracts.
Where an attorney really matters is in explaining how liability protection actually works, and where it fails. The LLC structure separates your personal assets from business debts, which is its main advantage over a sole proprietorship. But that protection isn’t automatic or permanent. Courts can “pierce the veil” and hold you personally liable if you treat the LLC as an extension of yourself: using the business account for groceries, skipping corporate formalities, or failing to keep the entity properly funded. A good attorney will tell you exactly what habits to maintain so the liability shield holds up when you actually need it.
An Accountant or Tax Professional
The tax side of an LLC is where most new owners get blindsided. The core decision is how your LLC will be taxed. The IRS doesn’t have a standalone “LLC” tax category. A single-member LLC defaults to being taxed like a sole proprietorship, and a multi-member LLC defaults to partnership treatment.3Internal Revenue Service. Limited Liability Company (LLC) You can also elect to be taxed as a C corporation or, if you qualify, an S corporation by filing the appropriate forms with the IRS.4Internal Revenue Service. LLC Filing as a Corporation or Partnership
One tax consequence worth asking about early is self-employment tax. When your LLC is taxed as a sole proprietorship or partnership, your share of the profits is subject to the combined Social Security and Medicare contributions that an employer would normally split with you.5Internal Revenue Service. 2026 Publication 15-A A single-member LLC owner reports this on Schedule SE alongside their personal return.6Internal Revenue Service. Single Member Limited Liability Companies An accountant can model whether electing S corporation status would reduce your overall tax bill. With an S corp election, you pay yourself a reasonable salary subject to payroll taxes and take remaining profits as distributions that aren’t hit with self-employment tax. The math doesn’t work for every LLC — there are additional payroll costs and compliance requirements — but for profitable businesses, the savings can be substantial.
A tax professional will also walk you through obtaining an Employer Identification Number. An EIN is essentially a Social Security number for your business, and you need one if your LLC has more than one member, hires employees, or elects to be taxed as a corporation.7Internal Revenue Service. Get an Employer Identification Number The IRS issues EINs online for free in minutes. Be wary of any third-party website that charges for this. You should never pay a fee for an EIN.
Beyond these initial decisions, an accountant helps you set up bookkeeping, identify deductible expenses, navigate state-level taxes like franchise or gross receipts taxes that apply in some states on top of income tax, and plan quarterly estimated payments so you don’t face penalties at year-end.
Your State’s Business Filing Office
Every LLC is created by filing Articles of Organization with a state agency, usually the Secretary of State’s office. The filing itself is straightforward. You provide the LLC’s name, business address, and the names of members or managers. A few details are worth understanding before you submit.
Formation fees vary widely by state, generally ranging from about $40 to $500 or more. Most states also require an annual or biennial report to keep your LLC in good standing. These report fees can range from nothing in some states to several hundred dollars in others, and missing the deadline can result in your LLC being administratively dissolved. Your state’s filing office website will list the exact fees and deadlines.
Nearly every state also requires your LLC to designate a registered agent. That’s a person or company authorized to accept legal documents like lawsuits and government notices on the LLC’s behalf. The agent must have a physical street address in the state where your LLC is formed; a P.O. box won’t work, and in most states the LLC itself can’t serve as its own agent. You can name yourself, another member, or hire a professional registered agent service, which typically runs $100 to $300 per year. A professional service makes sense if you don’t want your home address on public records or if you operate in multiple states.
A Banker
Opening a dedicated business bank account is one of the most important steps you’ll take after forming your LLC, and it’s worth talking to a banker early. Mixing personal and business funds is the single fastest way to lose your liability protection. Courts routinely pierce the LLC veil when owners treat the business account like a personal checking account: paying personal expenses directly, depositing personal income into the LLC’s account, or failing to document owner draws.
To open a business account, most banks will ask for your EIN, your Articles of Organization, your operating agreement if you have one, and a valid form of personal identification.8U.S. Small Business Administration. Open a Business Bank Account Some banks also ask for a business license. Having these documents ready before your appointment saves a second trip.
The habit to build from day one: every business transaction flows through the business account, every personal transaction flows through your personal account. If you need to move money from the LLC to yourself, document it as an owner distribution. This clean separation is what makes the liability shield real instead of theoretical.
An Insurance Agent
An LLC’s liability protection has limits. It shields your personal assets from business debts and lawsuits, but it doesn’t cover everything, and it doesn’t pay for your legal defense. Business insurance fills the gap.9U.S. Small Business Administration. Get Business Insurance The policies most new LLCs evaluate include:
- General liability insurance, which covers claims of bodily injury, property damage, and related legal costs. This is the baseline for almost any business that interacts with the public or operates out of a physical space.
- Professional liability insurance, which covers claims of negligence, errors, or malpractice. Essential if your LLC provides services, consulting, or professional advice.
- Workers’ compensation, required in nearly every state once you hire your first employee. This covers medical costs and lost wages for employees injured on the job. LLC members themselves generally aren’t considered employees for workers’ comp purposes, though some states let members opt in voluntarily.
An agent or broker who works with small businesses can assess your specific risks and recommend coverage levels. Getting insurance in place before you sign your first client contract or lease is far cheaper than discovering a coverage gap after something goes wrong.
A Mentor
Legal and financial professionals handle the structural foundation. A mentor who has actually built a business can help you avoid the strategic mistakes that statutes and tax forms don’t cover. Mentors are particularly valuable for refining your business plan, the document that lays out your objectives, target market, financial projections, and growth strategy. A strong plan is essential if you need financing, and even if you don’t, writing one forces you to think through assumptions you’d otherwise skip.
Organizations like SCORE, which partners with the SBA, offer free mentoring from experienced business owners. Industry-specific advisors can also connect you to potential partners, clients, or suppliers. The best mentors don’t just give advice; they ask questions you haven’t thought of yet.
Your Co-Founders
If you’re launching with one or more co-owners, the conversations you have before filing matter more than the filing itself. The topics to settle: who’s contributing what (money, labor, expertise, intellectual property), how profits and losses will be split, who has authority to make binding decisions, and what happens when someone wants out.
All of this belongs in your operating agreement, not in a separate “partnership agreement,” which is a different legal instrument for a different business structure. The operating agreement should include buy-sell provisions that address triggering events like death, disability, retirement, or deadlock between members. Without these provisions, a co-owner’s death could put you in business with their estate or heirs, and a disagreement between equal owners can paralyze the company entirely. Have an attorney draft or at minimum review the agreement. This isn’t a document to pull from a template and sign without legal input, especially when money and relationships are involved.
A Licensing or Compliance Specialist
Depending on your industry, you may need specific licenses, permits, or certifications before you can legally operate. Businesses in healthcare, construction, food service, childcare, and financial services face particularly heavy licensing requirements that vary by both state and municipality. A compliance specialist can identify exactly which permits your LLC needs and guide you through the application process, including any zoning restrictions on where you can operate.
Federal regulatory requirements may also apply. LLCs involved in manufacturing, handling hazardous materials, or employing workers in physically demanding environments need to comply with standards set by agencies like OSHA10Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Small Business and the EPA.11US EPA. Small Business Compliance Both agencies offer free compliance assistance programs for small businesses, worth contacting early rather than discovering a violation after the fact.
If your LLC does business in states beyond the one where it was formed, you may need to “foreign qualify,” meaning you register your LLC to operate in each additional state. The triggers vary, but generally include having employees, a physical office, or significant ongoing operations in another state. Simply having a bank account or making occasional sales across state lines usually doesn’t trigger the requirement, but the line can be blurry. An attorney familiar with multi-state operations can help you figure out whether foreign qualification applies.
Compliance isn’t a one-time event. Most states require annual or biennial reports, and licenses often need periodic renewal. Missing a deadline can result in fines, loss of good standing, or even administrative dissolution of your LLC. Build a calendar of recurring obligations early, or hire someone to track them, so routine filings don’t become emergencies.